TLS encryption involves various components like digital certificates, public key cryptography, symmetric key encryption, and cipher suites.
A TLS handshake process includes agreeing on a cipher suite, server authentication, session key exchange, and establishing a secure connection.
Version differences in TLS, such as TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.3, impact the handshake process, with features like forward secrecy in 1.2 and shorter handshakes in 1.3.