The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) can speed up polynomial multiplications, which are important for modern cryptography. Optimizing how this process works leads to significant performance improvements.
Using assembly language can help tailor code for specific hardware, allowing more direct control over how instructions are executed, which can greatly enhance speed.
Combining multiple steps of the NTT process into fewer loops and minimizing unnecessary calculations can lead to much lower execution times, achieving targets that seemed difficult at first.
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) helps speed up polynomial multiplication, which is important in cryptography. It uses a smart method to do complicated calculations faster than traditional methods.
Using RISC-V Vector (RVV) technology can further improve the speed of NTT operations. This means that by using special hardware instructions, operations can be completed much quicker.
Benchmarks show that a well-optimized NTT using RVV can be substantially faster than basic polynomial multiplication, making it crucial for applications in secure communications.
The article talks about finding cheat codes for the game Skeleton Warriors on the Saturn and PlayStation consoles. It highlights how some of these codes were previously unknown and required research and coding to uncover.
The author used a combination of brute force methods and mathematical approaches to determine the missing cheat codes. They collaborated with a cryptographer to solve complex hashing problems involved in the game.
Mick West, a cofounder of Neversoft, contributed to the findings by sharing source code and insights about how the cheats work in the game. This shows a connection between game development and player discovery.
There are two main techniques for swapping pairs of elements using RISC-V Vector: one uses slidedown and slideup operations, and the other uses narrowing and widening arithmetic. Each has its own method for rearranging elements.
The slidedown and slideup technique tends to be faster because it uses fewer operations and avoids extra complexity, making it more efficient for swapping elements in practice.
In testing, the slidedown method consistently showed lower latency in tasks compared to the widening approach, indicating it might be the better choice for optimizing performance in applications like NTT implementations.
Decentralized cloud computing is changing how we store and process data. It allows users to control their own data without relying on big companies.
This approach can lead to better security and privacy for users. It’s often seen as a more trustable alternative to centralized systems.
As the market for tokens is evolving, exploring decentralized projects can unveil exciting new opportunities in tech and finance. Staying informed can help you find the next big thing.
Quantum computing poses a serious threat to conventional cryptography due to powerful quantum algorithms like Shor's and Grover's, which can compromise commonly used encryption schemes.
Preparing for quantum computing challenges now can lead to the development of quantum-resistant cryptography, using both classical and quantum techniques to withstand quantum attacks and enhance security.
Quantum cryptography offers innovative possibilities like quantum key distribution and quantum secure communication, driving collaboration and innovation across various fields to enhance security and privacy.
You can create a fake key and a fake message to trick someone into thinking they decrypted a message. This lets you mislead anyone watching your communication.
It's important to plan what the fake message will be before sending the real one, so both parties know what to expect if asked.
This technique could be used for serious purposes, like hiding important communications, or just for fun in games and stories.
Post-Quantum Cryptography is crucial in securing digital communications against potential threats from quantum computers
Enhancing transparency in standardization processes, inclusive collaboration, independent audits, and regular updates can build trust in cryptographic standards
Collaboration between intelligence agencies and the private sector is vital for protecting critical infrastructure, fostering innovation, and addressing borderless cyber threats
Random numbers are important in computer science for things like cryptography, simulations, and game mechanics. They help create unpredictability and realism in these applications.
There are two main types of random number generators: True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) that use real-world entropy, and Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNGs) that produce predictable outcomes based on a starting value.
Algorithms like Linear Congruential Generators (LCGs) and Mersenne Twister are commonly used for generating pseudo-random numbers in various applications due to their efficiency and quality.
Diophantus, an ancient Greek mathematician, is known for solving equations with two unknowns and his work formed the basis for modern cryptographic algorithms like ECC.
The lost works of Diophantus, preserved during historical upheavals, resurfaced over centuries, impacting later mathematicians like Fermat, who posed the famous Last Theorem.
The journey from Tycho, who pioneered data science with precise astronomical observations, to Kepler discovering that planetary orbits are ellipses, connects to the development of elliptic curves in mathematics.
When faced with challenges involving prime numbers, clever algorithms can help quickly eliminate composite numbers and pinpoint the secret numbers.
The difficulty of a problem depends on the randomness of number selection within a matrix and the position of prime numbers.
Designing a fair random number generation system is crucial for ensuring transparency, not only in intellectual competitions but also in traditional gambling industries.
Information security is a broad field with many areas of expertise, so it's important to choose a focus that interests you.
Key roles in information security include product security, operations security, applied security, and threat analysis.
To excel in information security, developing strong programming skills, mastering tools like IDA Pro, and understanding concepts in areas like cryptography and network security are essential.
The post discusses the concept of encryption through a rap called "Alice and Bob". It highlights the importance of protecting messages and data.
Various encryption techniques and algorithms like DES, Twofish, and Blowfish are mentioned in the rap, emphasizing the significance of secure communication.
The rap also touches on the importance of random number generation, RSA encryption, and hashing functions like SHA-1 for maintaining data integrity and security.
Validate domain parameters to ensure security in (EC)DSA and (EC)DH. In real-world applications, parameters are typically generated internally or selected from standard options.
In (EC)DSA, if Mallory can manipulate domain parameters, key recovery becomes a potential issue. ECDSA could be vulnerable if the base point and curve are not properly validated.
For (EC)DH security, thorough validation of domain parameters is crucial, especially in scenarios where parameters are chosen by a potentially untrusted source like in SSL handshake.
HMAC is vulnerable to birthday attacks, which can lead to forged signatures with lower cost.
The second attack, duplicate signature attack, is security-relevant as it can produce two messages with the same tag, exploiting a server's validation system.
Birthday attacks on HMAC can often be parallelized, and using HMAC-SHA256 is recommended for increased security.
The Diffie-Hellman bug in socat involved a vulnerability where the hard-coded DH p parameter was not prime, making the key exchange weaker and potentially insecure.
Knowing the factors of the p parameter can allow one to solve the discrete log problem (DLP) on Z_p through the Chinese Remainder Theorem, which can be a powerful cryptanalysis tool.
To exploit the bug, one can factor p completely, reduce DLP on Z_p to a smaller group, use Pollard's rho or index calculus, sniff socat traffic, and profit - highlighting the potential risks and methods involved in exploiting this vulnerability.
The math/rsa bug in Go impacted crypto/tls and crypto/openpgp, prompting the need to change RSA private keys.
Go uses Montgomery reduction and Chinese Remainder Theorem to speed up modular operations, but a small mistake led to leaking RSA private keys.
By exploiting the bug, one can potentially obtain the RSA private key values and learn how multiple modular results can help determine values like 'q'.
The history of elliptic curves dates back to the work of prominent mathematicians like Kepler, Newton, and Leibniz, who laid the foundation for further exploration.
Various mathematicians such as Bernoulli, Liouville, and Legendre made significant contributions to understanding elliptic integrals and functions, paving the way for further advancements in mathematics.
Elliptic curves have not only played a crucial role in mathematics but also in modern cryptography, where figures like Diffie-Hellman and NSA have explored their encryption capabilities.
The US National Institute of Standards and Technology announced post-quantum cryptography standardisation proposals, marking a historic day in modern cryptography.
Cryptography courses will now include post-quantum cryptography standards in the curriculum, with a focus on the selected standards.
The Quantum Formalism community encourages participation in lectures, Discord community engagements, and sponsorships for events like LOGML Summer School, emphasizing the importance of advanced Geometry in Machine Learning.
Sansec announced the acquisition of 66.9349% shares of Jiangnan Keyou on June 19, 2023, aiming to improve resource integration and leverage synergies.
China's regulatory framework for cryptography has been improving with laws like the 'Password Law' and revised 'Regulations on the Administration of Commercial Cryptography,' accelerating the industry's development.
Upon completion of the acquisition, Jiangnan Keyou will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sansec.
Beijing Infosec made a strategic investment in Yunjizhi Technology on January 8, 2024, initiating a partnership in the data security industry.
Infosec specializes in commercial cryptography products for sectors like finance, government, and enterprises, while Yunjizhi offers structured and unstructured data security products and services.
Through collaboration, Infosec and Yunjizhi aim to tackle data security challenges, introduce innovative technologies, and advance the industry's development.
The value of industry in orbit will be enormous, with falling launch prices enabling new possibilities for Earth in areas such as communications and ecosystem management.
Satellites can revolutionize communications by providing fast, ubiquitous space internet and increasing the speed and accessibility of various applications like stock exchanges and online gaming.
Satellites have great potential for enhancing security through the use of cryptography, as they offer secure platforms for encryption methods like quantum cryptography and relativistic cryptography.
Public goods are resources that are nonexcludable and nonrivalrous, and modern technology is making some private goods resemble public goods.
Mechanisms for funding public goods face challenges like the free-rider problem and impossibility theorems regarding efficiency, incentive compatibility, individual rationality, and budget balance.
Different mechanisms like assurance contracts, Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism, quadratic funding, lotteries, and the Lindahl process aim to address the public goods funding problem, each with its own strengths and challenges.
Encryption is like a secret code that keeps your information safe and private using algorithms and keys.
End-to-end encryption ensures that only the sender and recipient can access and read messages, offering a high level of security and privacy.
Signal Protocol, with features like the Double Ratchet Algorithm, is widely used in popular messaging apps to provide strong security for user communications.