Soviet Space Substack

The Soviet Space Substack explores the intricacies of Soviet space exploration, including detailed analyses of spacecraft designs, missions, and technologies. It delves into historical documents, declassified information, and speculative designs, providing insights into the Soviet lunar program, space shuttles, and rocket engineering, accompanied by enhanced imagery and illustrations.

Soviet Space Exploration History Spacecraft and Rocket Design Lunar Missions and Technologies Declassified Space Program Information Space Propulsion and Rocket Engineering Cosmonaut Training and Space Suits Soviet Propaganda and Space Culture

The hottest Substack posts of Soviet Space Substack

And their main takeaways

Readers Questions

79 implied HN points • 27 Oct 24
💾 History Engineering
  1. The Soviet Space Program had a unique decision-making structure where engineers had a lot of independence, often leading to rivalries among them. This sometimes resulted in substantial projects being undertaken without the main leadership even being aware.
  2. Soviet space art reflected their exploration efforts and has key differences from Western art. It often showcased a more optimistic view of space, while Western art varied greatly in style and representation.
  3. Many Soviet rockets had an open interstage design to ensure proper fuel settling during stage separations. This design choice was simpler compared to methods used in American rockets, allowing for more efficient launches.

N-1 Block A

178 implied HN points • 12 Oct 24
🕹 Technology Aerospace Engineering Modeling
  1. The N1-3L rocket has a complex engine system, with different engines numbered for clarity. Understanding these details is crucial for analyzing the rocket's design and performance.
  2. Grid fins are an important feature of the N1 rocket, providing enhanced control during high-speed flights. Their design has evolved over time to improve stability and effectiveness.
  3. There were various design changes made to the Block A of the N1 rocket to improve its function and control. These updates were likely based on lessons learned from previous flight tests.

N-1 Factory Photos

317 implied HN points • 09 Oct 23
  1. The N1 rocket was being assembled in the factory
  2. Important details revealed in the photos include hatch sizes and fuel line placements
  3. Source document from 1967 includes insights on N1 rocket and other related space projects

Episode 50! A bit of everything!

158 implied HN points • 02 Feb 24
  1. First permanent space station plans were more ambitious than MIR.
  2. Yuri Gagarin's visit to the UK changed British views towards Russians.
  3. Soviet propaganda poster highlights Cosmism, a mix of mysticism, science, and philosophy.

Buran / Energia.

218 implied HN points • 15 Nov 23
  1. New high resolution photographs of the Buran and Energia spacecrafts were released by Roscosmos.
  2. Enhanced images show details of the Energia rocket core stage and its components.
  3. The photographs provide insights into the manufacturing and transportation processes of the spacecraft components.
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Heroic Space Posters from CCCP

138 implied HN points • 20 Jan 24
  1. Soviet Space Propaganda posters have been cleaned up and enlarged for appreciation.
  2. The posters showcase themes like joint flights, glory of communism, and Soviet triumphs in space.
  3. The edition also includes information on a real project involving an Ekranoplan carrying a Buran orbiter.

Buran / MTKS design decisions.

158 implied HN points • 02 Dec 23
  1. Declassified Soviet documents reveal design considerations for Energia / Buran
  2. Choosing liquid-fueled boosters aimed at higher performance and reusability
  3. Developing the orbiter OK-92 with new qualities for autonomous flight and safer landing

N1-3L compared to Apollo

198 implied HN points • 29 Sep 23
  1. The poster compares the N1-3L mission profile with Apollo in both Russian and English versions.
  2. The information on the poster is overall solid, but there are points of objection, such as the difference in the outcome between N1 and Saturn V 3rd stages.
  3. The poster is freely available in JPG, PSD, and PDF formats, allowing for easy editing of text and elements.

MTKS Shuttles, New Lunar Architecture

198 implied HN points • 29 Jul 23
  1. Glushko proposed using the MTKS Spaceplanes for lunar missions, emphasizing the benefits of a reusable launch system.
  2. There were three planned versions of the MTKS Shuttle: MTKS-1, MTKS II, and MTKS-0, each with different capabilities.
  3. Glushko's 1974 proposal included plans for a Permanent Orbiting Station prioritizing military usefulness, with a polar orbit for global coverage.

"Why didn't we go to the Moon?"

198 implied HN points • 15 Jul 23
  1. The US had higher scientific, technical, and economic potential for the Moon Landing
  2. The national priority Saturn-Apollo program in the US had strong government and public support
  3. The Soviet Union underestimated the challenge of Kennedy's 1961 Moon landing goal

1973 N1-L3M Project Details

119 implied HN points • 03 Nov 23
  1. Declassified 1973 N1-L3M project details have been released, revealing a detailed plan for lunar missions.
  2. The project timeline includes development of rocket systems and spacecraft from 1976 to the first crewed lunar landing in 1980.
  3. The N1 rocket system faced challenges like delays in ground testing, impacting the schedule for various missions like crewed lunar landings.

Nikolaev, LKM Moon lander, and GIRD

238 implied HN points • 13 May 23
  1. Recent release of declassified information about the LKM Moon lander design.
  2. Exploration of alternative designs for the LKM lander that were not chosen.
  3. Discussion of early Soviet rocket designs and the work of GIRD in rocket propulsion research.

Yuri Gagarin in Moldova, and more.

79 implied HN points • 12 Jan 24
  1. Yuri Gagarin visited Cricova winery in Moldova and enjoyed tasting their wines.
  2. Yuri Gagarin was warmly welcomed during his visit to Cojusna for a wedding.
  3. Historical documents provide insight into Gagarin's training assessment and promotion to Major.

N-1 Video Frame Stitches

119 implied HN points • 13 Oct 23
  1. The images created by stitching together video frames can show unique details not seen in regular photos.
  2. Some fine details in the images may have been enhanced with AI, so caution is advised when scrutinizing.
  3. One of the cool features to explore is the launch tower, which offers a detailed view of all elements when viewed full-size.

RLA Family, Big Lander, The Book

178 implied HN points • 07 Jul 23
  1. The author is working on a book about crewed lunar spacecraft of the Soviet Union.
  2. Information about the RLA 120 and RLA 150 rockets is shared, designed by Glushko after the N-1 was canceled.
  3. Details about the Lunar Expeditionary Lander and its design challenges are discussed.

Nuggets Volume 2

79 implied HN points • 22 Dec 23
  1. A proposal for enhanced stability in rockets with 6 grid fins on N1 was considered but not adopted.
  2. The N-11 project, a proposal for a Proton-class rocket based on N-1 hardware, was revived in the 1970s by Mishin.
  3. Illustrations and details on Venera 8 and Venera 4 missions, including atmosphere readings and surface details.

1987 Nuclear Mars Plans, Part 2

119 implied HN points • 22 Sep 23
  1. Five different configurations for a Mars mission hardware were considered before settling on the preferred option.
  2. The chosen design for the Mars mission involves one large nuclear electric complex.
  3. The mission prioritizes crew safety with detailed plans for backup systems, radiation protection, and communication.

The Lunar Expeditionary Factory

99 implied HN points • 22 Oct 23
  1. The Lunar Expeditionary Factory had functions like a biology laboratory for plant growth, extracting oxygen from Lunar rocks, and living quarters for one cosmonaut.
  2. The design of the factory module raised questions about ore management, dust control, and living conditions for the cosmonaut.
  3. Despite detailed areas, the work is more conceptual than a finished design, especially regarding ore management and antenna platforms.

Soviet L3 Lunar Mission Details

178 implied HN points • 06 May 23
  1. The Soviet L3 Lunar Mission in 1967 had ambitious goals for cosmonauts on the Moon.
  2. The mission objectives included collecting rock samples, taking photographs, and conducting experiments.
  3. Detailed scientific equipment and a structured plan were in place for the cosmonaut's activities on the Moon.

N1-3L, 3d printed model & references

79 implied HN points • 20 Nov 23
  1. Uli Hakenjos created an impressive 3D printed model of the N1-3L rocket using a reference pack.
  2. The model showcases intricate details by exaggerating the smallest features for clarity.
  3. Nick Stevens offers modeller's references on Gum Road for accurate modeling of spacecraft.

Early versions of the LK Lander

158 implied HN points • 27 May 23
  1. Initial designs for the LK Lander had major differences from the final version.
  2. One rejected design had a crushable torus base, another proposed self-adjusting legs.
  3. Despite innovative ideas like self-adjusting legs, a version with 4 extended legs was ultimately chosen for the LK Lander.

Vostok 1, Rare and new images

158 implied HN points • 15 Apr 23
  1. New rare images of Vostok 1 and Yuri Gagarin's historic flight are released by the RGANTD Archive.
  2. Detailed high resolution plans and illustrations of Vostok spacecraft, including the interior view of the cockpit, pilot's control panel, and more are shared.
  3. The post also includes clean high resolution plans of Vostok for modelers and interesting links related to Gagarin's capsule and descent module photos.

The Expeditionary Lander & CGI.

99 implied HN points • 19 Aug 23
  1. The Expeditionary Lander is significantly larger than previous lunar landers.
  2. Consideration of spacecraft scale reveals the size differences between various Soviet landers.
  3. Questions arise regarding the design and functionality of specific modules like the Expeditionary Factory.

The Krechet Lunar Suit

119 implied HN points • 17 Jun 23
  1. The Krechet Lunar Suit was the lunar extravehicular spacesuit for the Soviet manned moon mission(s).
  2. There were two versions of the suit - Krechet for lunar landing and Orlan for lunar orbit, with self-contained life support system vs. umbilical connection.
  3. The major tasks for cosmonauts in the suit included transferring between spacecraft, performing the lunar landing, and conducting a dangerous solo EVA on the lunar surface.

N1 Relics, Laika & LOK.

158 implied HN points • 18 Mar 23
  1. Valentin Pechorin's blog post shares details on cleaning the air in Lunar Vehicles.
  2. RGANTD released new images and info about the Sputnik 2 project involving a live dog in a satellite.
  3. The N1 program led to relics from the cancelled project being repurposed around Baikonur, providing important documentation.

Another bundle of references

59 implied HN points • 24 Nov 23
  1. A second volume of references from RGANTD is available for purchase on Gum Road.
  2. Volume 1 has a reduced price during a set period.
  3. Both volumes together can be bought at a discounted price of $18, with bonus material available for a limited time.

The Video Edition

119 implied HN points • 03 Jun 23
  1. Video Edition featuring little-known content from the Soviet Space Program
  2. Highlights of Kozyavka & Albina, the Space Dogs, in training and flight
  3. Insights into the R-1 Rocket testing and Vasily Mishin's role in the Soviet Lunar Program

The final LK and LOK proposal, and LKM variants.

99 implied HN points • 22 Jul 23
  1. The proposal outlines a two-launch mission plan for crewed lunar missions using LK Lander and LOK Orbiter.
  2. The design enhancements allow for extended crew stays on the Moon, increase crew size, and create a crewed lunar orbital station.
  3. The use of N1 rockets and modifications to spacecraft components aim to improve reliability and mission duration.

What is the direction for this substack?

39 implied HN points • 10 Jan 24
  1. The focus of the Substack may shift towards writing for printed publications.
  2. Planned future articles include topics like Soviet Space Propaganda posters.
  3. Historical documents on Yuri Gagarin will be covered in the upcoming post on Friday.

On the N1 competitors

138 implied HN points • 04 Mar 23
  1. Multiple rocket designs were considered for crewed lunar missions.
  2. Chelomei's Universal Rocket Family was a notable competitor to the N1.
  3. Preliminary designs were made for rockets with nuclear propulsion, offering advantages for launching large masses.

Lunar Expeditionary Program.

138 implied HN points • 04 Feb 23
  1. The Lunar Expeditionary Program was the most ambitious lunar proposal involving a crewed lunar base.
  2. The project depended on a massive rocket called Vulkan for launches.
  3. The expeditionary base comprised six major components including a crewed moon rover and a nuclear power plant.

Soviet Space - Nuggets!

119 implied HN points • 25 Mar 23
  1. The Soviet space program had some interesting smaller details and photos to explore.
  2. Photos revealed a variety of spacecraft designs and training methods used by cosmonauts.
  3. The Soviet moon program included advanced lunar rovers and landers capable of extended expeditions.

Poll! What content do you want?

99 implied HN points • 13 May 23
  1. The post is asking readers about the content they want to see.
  2. Readers can participate in the poll or leave a comment with their preferences.
  3. Subscribing for free can provide access to new posts and support the work.

UPMK, Soviet Space Manoeuvring Unit.

99 implied HN points • 30 Apr 23
  1. UPMK was a maneuvering unit for Soviet cosmonauts to move freely in space.
  2. It had specific requirements like allowing free movement, repair and inspection of satellites, and transport within a limited distance.
  3. Over time, the unit evolved to have independent propulsion systems, powered by batteries, with improved speed and functionality.

More information on MTKS/OS-120

39 implied HN points • 03 Dec 23
  1. Author received input from a spaceplane expert Vadim Lukashevich on OS-120
  2. Vadim Lukashevich has detailed posts on OS-120 in Russian and English
  3. The site provided by Vadim Lukashevich is worth exploring for beautiful illustrations

RGANTD Archive Dump

59 implied HN points • 26 Aug 23
  1. Raw files of RGANTD releases on Soviet Space Program are available for purchase
  2. Files include low to medium resolution scans, illustrations, and texts with Yandex translations
  3. No copyright claims on the files, intended for those interested in the Soviet Space Program

Soviet Space Substack

119 implied HN points • 28 Jan 23
  1. The Soviet Space Substack newsletter has moved from Revue to Substack, with more general content about the Soviet Space Program.
  2. An upcoming article will explore the Volga balloon program that preceded the Vostok capsule, offering insights into spacesuit development.
  3. The newsletter will be sent out every 2-3 weeks, focusing on valuable content and aiming for two-way communication with readers.

Part 2. Crewed Lunar Craft book.

99 implied HN points • 25 Feb 23
  1. The book on Soviet Crewed Lunar Craft is being worked on collaboratively with a historian for clear writing.
  2. The book project has expanded to cover rockets and will include many new and little known illustrations.
  3. The timeline for completing the book is uncertain, but there is optimism about creating a definitive piece on the subject.

Part 1. The Original N-1 Design.

99 implied HN points • 25 Feb 23
  1. The Soviet Lunar program faced challenges due to delayed funding and not taking crewed lunar efforts seriously until after the Americans.
  2. The original N-1 design had differences like fewer engines, lower payload capacity, and was not crew-rated.
  3. Innovative mission profiles were needed for a crewed lunar mission due to complexities in design, including multiple launches for assembly and refueling.

LOK Electrical Systems

79 implied HN points • 01 Apr 23
  1. The post shares technical information about the creation of space power supply for lunar spacecraft.
  2. Over 300 photos of spacecraft and a gigabyte of data are available for purchase.
  3. The LOK Electrical System was developed with hydrogen-oxygen fuel elements and underwent successful tests in 1972.