The hottest Logic Substack posts right now

And their main takeaways
Category
Top Philosophy Topics

Yes, Non-Existent Entities Exist (Part 1: The Nature of Abstract Objects)

Ethics Under Construction • 10 implied HN points • 26 Jan 25
📖 Philosophy Metaphysics Ontology Epistemology Logic
  1. Abstract objects, like numbers and concepts, can exist independently of physical reality. Even though we can't touch them, they still have a place in our understanding of the world.
  2. Thinking proves our existence, which means thoughts must also exist. You can't doubt your own thinking; without thoughts, you can't claim to exist.
  3. For a thought to count as an objective idea, it needs to be understandable to others. If something is too private or confusing, it isn't a true thought that can be shared.

The two reasons I left Christianity

Figs in Winter: New Stoicism and beyond • 805 implied HN points • 27 Mar 23
⛪ Faith & Spirituality Christianity Atheism Logic Science Philosophy
  1. Logic and science played a big part in leading the author to leave Christianity
  2. Encountering philosophical teachings and critical thinking in school reinforced the doubts about religion
  3. The concepts of transubstantiation and the Trinity were key factors that ultimately caused the author to walk away from Catholicism

What is an ad hominem attack?

News from Those Nerdy Girls • 314 implied HN points • 02 Feb 24
🚌 Education Logic Bias Critical Thinking Media Literacy Communication
  1. Ad hominem attacks insult a person's motive or character instead of addressing the content of an idea or argument.
  2. Ad hominem attacks create distrust of the individual and divert attention away from the actual issue.
  3. To combat bias from ad hominem attacks, focus on facts, recognize diversion tactics, and practice self-reflection.

Philosophy is the mathematics of language

Wood From Eden • 816 implied HN points • 23 Dec 23
📖 Philosophy Language Mathematics Concepts Logic Epistemology
  1. Philosophy is the art of clarifying concepts and finding links between them.
  2. Philosophy is similar to mathematics in that it explores relationships between concepts, just as mathematics explores relationships between numbers.
  3. Concepts in philosophy change over time, making it a field that evolves constantly unlike mathematics which is built on stable concepts.
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2.5 René Descartes

Fields & Energy • 259 implied HN points • 17 Jan 24
📖 Philosophy History Logic Metaphysics Epistemology Ethics
  1. René Descartes believed science is connected and trying to find one truth could help explain other truths. He thought this truth came from the 'infinite perfections of God.'
  2. He had some important ideas in physics, like how light bends and motion is conserved. However, some of his ideas turned out to be wrong, showing that science takes time to improve.
  3. Descartes thought that studying nature could help humans control it, but his methods sometimes lacked support from experiments. He lived a relaxed life, which changed when he had to teach in Sweden and sadly got pneumonia.

Interpretability

Infinitely More • 28 implied HN points • 30 Nov 24
📖 Philosophy Logic Mathematics Interpretation Language Concepts
  1. In math, we can understand one idea by using another. It's like using different languages to explain the same thing.
  2. Sometimes, when we translate ideas back and forth, we lose some meaning, similar to playing a game of telephone.
  3. To make this work, we create special objects in a new system that can help us relate and understand the original idea better.

What is the essential structure of the complex numbers?

Infinitely More • 38 implied HN points • 10 Nov 24
📖 Philosophy Mathematics Epistemology Ontology Logic
  1. There are different ways to think about complex numbers, like focusing on their algebraic or topological structures. Each viewpoint gives us unique insights into how complex numbers behave.
  2. Mathematicians don't all agree on what the essential structure of complex numbers is, leading to multiple interpretations. It shows us that understanding math can be quite flexible.
  3. The paper identifies four main perspectives on complex numbers, which can help clarify the discussions around their nature and engage with broader philosophical questions in mathematics.

Mutual and bi-interpretation of models

Infinitely More • 17 implied HN points • 14 Dec 24
📖 Philosophy Logic Interpretation Mathematics Theories Models
  1. Mutual interpretation means that two models can understand each other. Each model can be explained using the features of the other.
  2. When you interpret one model within another, it creates a loop of understanding. You can go back and forth between the two models, revealing deeper connections.
  3. Bi-interpretability is when both models not only understand each other but are actually related in a stronger way. This offers even more insights into their structure.

The Unreasonable Ineffectiveness of Effective Altruism in thinking about AI

Ulysses • 179 implied HN points • 05 Feb 24
📖 Philosophy Ethics Logic Epistemology Ontology Psychology
  1. Knowledge systems using symbolic logic in natural language are heuristic and capture reality imperfectly.
  2. Validity of heuristics depends on the similarity between the original context and current application.
  3. Rigid deontological symbolic morality may fail in reasoning about new events like AI, leading to ineffective discussions and decision-making.

Me vs Huemer

David Friedman’s Substack • 341 implied HN points • 13 Feb 24
📖 Philosophy Epistemology Ethics Logic Bias Experts
  1. Consider forming opinions on controversial issues based on evaluating arguments rather than just trusting the experts
  2. Experts may not always have expertise in all aspects of an issue, so it's important to critically evaluate their arguments and not just rely on their authority
  3. It's crucial to judge both arguments and arguers, as bias and incentives can influence the opinions of experts in controversial topics

The Parks puzzle

A Piece of the Pi: mathematics explained • 36 implied HN points • 11 Nov 24
🚌 Education Mathematics Puzzles Computer Science Logic
  1. The Parks puzzle is a game where you place trees on a grid with specific rules, similar to Sudoku. Each row, column, and park needs a certain number of trees without them being next to each other.
  2. While checking if a proposed solution is correct is easy, finding that solution can be quite complex. Researchers found that the Parks puzzle belongs to a group of difficult problems called NP-complete.
  3. The puzzle can be used to model logical operations like AND and OR. This means it has connections to computer science concepts and can help explore complex problems.

Of Course You Can Prove a Negative

Philosophy for the People w/Ben Burgis • 279 implied HN points • 23 Apr 23
📖 Philosophy Logic
  1. Confident statements that you can't prove a negative are common online, but this idea isn't found in logic textbooks.
  2. There is a discussion happening about this essay on the This is Revolution podcast with Stefan Bertram-Lee, focusing on the essay from last week and this one.
  3. This specific post is for paid subscribers only.

The Liar Paradox (and Russell's Paradox) for Non-Logicians (UNLOCKED)

Philosophy for the People w/Ben Burgis • 399 implied HN points • 22 Jan 23
📖 Philosophy Logic Consistency Reasoning
  1. The Liar Paradox questions whether statements can be both true and false, challenging fundamental logical principles like Bivalence and the Law of the Excluded Middle.
  2. Russell's Paradox, on the other hand, questions the existence of sets based on self-referential properties, leading to contradictions like a set that contains itself and doesn't.
  3. The debates around these paradoxes highlight the importance of classical logic principles like the Law of Non-Contradiction and Disjunctive Syllogism in everyday reasoning and understanding the world.

Can You Solve the 'Simple' Two Door Riddle From Labyrinth?

Pryor Questions • 336 implied HN points • 13 Dec 23
🚌 Education Logic Puzzle Movies
  1. In the movie Labyrinth, there is a logic puzzle involving two guards, two doors, and a choice between truth and lies.
  2. To solve the puzzle, Sarah can ask one guard what the other guard would say, then choose the opposite door.
  3. This puzzle is a version of the Knights and Knaves problem, where one guard always tells the truth and the other always lies.

Abused Words

David Friedman’s Substack • 260 implied HN points • 29 Jan 24
🚌 Education Language Grammar Logic Statistics
  1. Words like 'exponential' and 'organic' are commonly misused with meanings different from their actual definitions.
  2. Terms like 'guarantee' and 'literally' are often used incorrectly causing confusion in communication.
  3. Understanding technical terms like 'statistically significant' is crucial to avoid misinterpretation in discussions.

On the Omnipotence Paradox: The Laws of Thought are Beyond God's Power

Ethics Under Construction • 5 implied HN points • 12 Jan 25
📖 Philosophy Metaphysics Logic Theology Ethics Existentialism
  1. God's power is limited by the laws of logic and reason, meaning He can’t do the impossible, like creating contradictions.
  2. If God cannot change necessary truths, then He also cannot change contingent truths; this suggests that God's power is not absolute.
  3. The idea of an all-powerful God becomes meaningless if we accept that God must operate within logical boundaries, similar to everyone else.

Permutations and combinations

Infinitely More • 17 implied HN points • 17 Nov 24
🚌 Education Mathematics Theory Logic Combinatorics
  1. A permutation is just a way to rearrange a list of objects. For example, with three letters like 'a', 'b', and 'c', you can arrange them in six different ways.
  2. The factorial of a number shows how many ways you can arrange that many objects. For example, 5! equals 120 because it's 5 times 4 times 3 times 2 times 1.
  3. When choosing items from a group without caring about the order, we use combinations. The formula for this is called 'n choose k', which helps calculate how many ways you can select items.

The interpretation translation

Infinitely More • 10 implied HN points • 07 Dec 24
🔬 Science Mathematics Logic Philosophy Education Computer Science
  1. You can interpret one mathematical structure using another, which helps express features of the first in terms of the second. This means you find a way to connect different types of math using a common language.
  2. There are many examples of this interpretation, like placing integers inside natural numbers or examining complex numbers through real numbers. These examples show how different math concepts relate to each other.
  3. Understanding how to interpret structures can help us explore logic more deeply, opening up new ways of thinking in math, philosophy, and computer science.

Dishonest Words

David Friedman’s Substack • 170 implied HN points • 28 Feb 24
📖 Philosophy Language Ethics Logic Rhetoric Meaning
  1. Labeling someone as 'homophobic' for having negative views of homosexuality can falsely imply a single cause for their opinion and stigmatize them without considering other reasons.
  2. Using terms like 'racism' and 'denier' to label those with differing views can be a dishonest tactic to imply that their opinions are unreasonable without proper argumentation.
  3. Words like 'thermal pollution' and 'CO2 emission as pollution' can carry hidden value judgments, implying negativity without explicitly stating the values being used.

Two Master Fallacies

Fake Noûs • 306 implied HN points • 16 Sep 23
🚌 Education Logic Critical Thinking
  1. Assumption is a common error where people quickly believe something with little evidence.
  2. Dogmatism is the resistance to changing beliefs, even in the face of evidence.
  3. To avoid assumption, consider alternatives, objections, empirical tests, and listen to different perspectives. To combat dogmatism, question your beliefs and avoid dogmatic techniques like ignoring contrary evidence and appealing only to your belief system.

When Your Map Doesn't Match Reality

Good Reason • 227 implied HN points • 13 Dec 23
📖 Philosophy Reality Logic Hypocrisy Maps Bias
  1. Regardless of how well you know a situation, remember your knowledge is just a map and not reality itself.
  2. Be cautious of projecting your biases onto situations to force them to fit your preconceived notions.
  3. Acknowledging and being aware of your own potential biases can help prevent misunderstandings and misinterpretations.

Bird Perspectives and Outside Views

Seeking Bird Perspectives • 6 implied HN points • 02 Dec 24
📖 Philosophy Rationalism Epistemology Logic Ethics Cognitive Science
  1. The bird perspective means looking at things from a higher viewpoint to understand the bigger picture. It helps you see how your situation fits into a larger context.
  2. The outside view uses past experiences and similar cases to predict outcomes, but it can miss important details about your specific situation. It's important to find a balance between general predictions and unique factors.
  3. Using these perspectives can help reduce biases in decision-making. They inspire clearer thinking, but they shouldn't be used as the only way to argue or win a debate.

I still don't think Slate Star Codex readers have an IQ of 137.

Unconfusion • 39 implied HN points • 18 Feb 24
📖 Philosophy Logic Ethics Epistemology Metaphysics Phenomenology
  1. Claiming that a group of people has a very high average IQ is a big statement and not as straightforward as it seems. It's easy to assume that just because a blog attracts smart readers, their IQ is automatically high.
  2. Self-reported data, like IQ numbers, can often be inflated. People might think they have higher IQs or might overestimate their scores, making such claims less reliable.
  3. Belonging to a group can make people feel proud or special, but it's important to remember that individual worth isn't defined by group averages. Everyone has their own value, regardless of how they compare to others.

What is Bayesian Statistics? The Beginner Math Guide (Part One)

The Software & Data Spectrum • 78 implied HN points • 13 Apr 23
🔬 Science Statistics Probability Logic Combinatorics
  1. Bayesian Statistics is used in various fields like Machine Learning, Engineering, Data Science, and more.
  2. Bayesian Thinking involves observing data, holding prior beliefs, forming hypotheses, gathering evidence, and comparing hypotheses.
  3. Probability is a way to measure belief strength, and calculating probabilities involves counting outcomes and using ratios of beliefs.

Swinburne's Argument Against Suicide

Going Awol • 119 implied HN points • 30 Jan 23
📖 Philosophy Ethics Religion Logic God Suicide
  1. Swinburne's argument against suicide is based on the idea that if God exists, taking one's own life is ungrateful towards the gift of life given by God.
  2. Swinburne's argument falls short in the face of extreme suffering, where ending one's life may not be a violation of gratitude towards God, as seen in cases like severe pain or incurable genetic conditions.
  3. The premise that suicide is always wrong due to ingratitude to God is questionable, as destroying a harmful gift might be what a loving benefactor would want in certain extreme circumstances.