The hottest Substack posts right now

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AI Agents have, so far, mostly been a dud

Marcus on AI • 15058 implied HN points • 03 Aug 25
🕹 Technology Software Innovation Computing Automation AI
  1. AI agents were expected to change a lot in 2025, but so far, they haven't proven reliable. Most of them only work well in very specific situations.
  2. Many AI agents make mistakes and can even complicate tasks instead of simplifying them, leading to a lot of errors over time.
  3. Investors are still pouring money into AI, but the focus is mostly on current methods that aren't delivering results. Better approaches, like neurosymbolic AI, aren't getting enough funding.

The Abundance Boom: A Memo from 2030

Future History • 150 implied HN points • 03 Mar 26
🕹 Technology Economics Labor Software Productivity Automation AI Media
  1. AI-driven productivity drastically cut production costs, creating broad deflation that made goods and services cheaper and raised overall prosperity instead of causing mass unemployment.
  2. Routine tasks were automated but jobs didn’t vanish—work shifted toward creativity, judgment, relationship skills, and new AI-integration roles, and people who adapted generally did better.
  3. Lower barriers to entry let small teams and micro-studios produce high-quality content and products, exploding niche markets and increasing opportunities across industries.

I Don’t Know (And Neither Does Warren Buffett)

Spilled Coffee • 52 implied HN points • 18 Mar 26
💰 Finance Portfolio strategy Investing Stocks Markets Behavioral Finance Monetary Policy Risk management
  1. Nobody truly knows what the market will do; even famous investors and big firms are just making educated guesses.
  2. Better investors succeed through a rigorous process — disciplined research, solid risk controls, and the honesty to admit and cut losses when they’re wrong.
  3. Accept that investing is probabilistic: don’t trust confident guarantees, do your own homework, and focus on managing downside while letting winners run.

Will the Housing Market Crash in 2026?

Progress and Poverty • 1885 implied HN points • 13 Jan 26
💰 Finance Investing Economic Policy Macroeconomics Forecasting Real Estate Housing Market
  1. An 18-year land-cycle theory says fixed land supply makes real estate unusually prone to recurring speculative booms and busts driven by credit, building cycles, and expectations about future resale values.
  2. The historical pattern is suggestive but weak: the data set is small, several peaks require retrofitting to fit the 18‑year story, and market timing is generally unreliable, so the model is not a strong tool for precise investment forecasts.
  3. Recent housing indicators—high price-to-rent, a large real-estate share of GDP, falling affordability, and elevated new-home inventory—match the theory’s warning signs but differences from 2008 mean a crash is uncertain; the theory nonetheless implies that land-value taxation could dampen speculation and crises often create windows for policy reform.

The World of Graphite

Intercalation Station • 139 implied HN points • 16 Oct 24
🕹 Technology Geopolitics Materials science Energy Storage Supply Chain Sustainability
  1. Graphite is a key material for batteries, especially in electric vehicles, and there's been a shift from natural to synthetic graphite due to supply risks.
  2. China dominates the graphite supply, which creates concerns about over-reliance and geopolitical tensions, leading to increased global interest in local production.
  3. Synthetic graphite can be made from waste materials and has the potential to reduce environmental impacts if produced using renewable energy sources.
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Under the microscope: Battle Arena Toshinden URA (Saturn)

Rings of Saturn • 72 implied HN points • 11 Mar 26
🕹 Technology Debugging Reverse Engineering Emulation Retro Gaming Video Games Cheat Codes
  1. The game records button sequences in memory and matches them against stored patterns to flip bitflags that enable cheats, letting you play as bosses or hidden characters, enable easy secret moves, or enable URA-specific modes.
  2. New and partly undocumented codes let you control the title screen background and in-game videos with the D-pad and face buttons, and a broken A,A code can be fixed by a simple memory edit to make the "Press Start" text spin.
  3. Some codes can undo other cheat effects, similar tricks weren’t found on the PlayStation Toshinden releases, and there are likely more console-specific secrets still waiting to be discovered.

Why Is a Bot Like a Gentlemen's Club?

The Honest Broker • 15326 implied HN points • 28 Jul 25
🕹 Technology Linguistics AI Ethics Philosophy Society
  1. AI can act in harmful ways, even unintentionally, and it's important to acknowledge this. Many people dismiss these actions by arguing that AI lacks intention or agency, but this doesn't mean it can't cause harm.
  2. Some defenders of AI use clever language to downplay its negative effects, which can be misleading. Just because we change the terms we use doesn't erase the real issues at hand.
  3. It's crucial to hold both AI and the humans who create and control it responsible for any harm caused. Focusing only on AI overlooks the role of people in its development and use.

NixOS Now Celebrates Pride Month… Year Round

The Lunduke Journal of Technology • 13213 implied HN points • 11 Aug 25
🕹 Technology Social Issues Linux Open Source Software
  1. NixOS has changed its logo to show support for LGBTQ+ pride and plans to keep it year-round. They want to emphasize that support for this community isn't limited to just one month.
  2. A developer who questioned NixOS's political stance on this logo change was banned from all NixOS platforms. This shows a strong backlash against any criticism or inquiry.
  3. Earlier, NixOS had a 'purge' where they suspended contributors with conservative views. This trend of banning individuals based on political beliefs has been a pattern within their community.

5 Key Predictions for the Data Industry in 2026

SeattleDataGuy’s Newsletter • 741 implied HN points • 31 Jan 26
🕹 Technology Cloud Analytics Infrastructure Enterprise Software AI Data Platforms Data Engineering
  1. Big cloud vendors will keep rebranding and repositioning their data products to appear 'AI-first', adding marketing noise and confusion about which tools to use.
  2. Almost all companies still rely on Excel, SFTP, and manual exports. Only a small share chase flashy AI while most need simple tools to convert spreadsheets into reliable data pipelines.
  3. The modern data stack will be shaken by acquisitions, price changes, and fragile pipelines, forcing many teams to rebuild infrastructure and turn AI proofs-of-concept into production-ready foundations.

"But" vs. "Yes, But"

Astral Codex Ten • 22299 implied HN points • 12 Jun 25
📖 Philosophy Logic Ethics Dialogue Rhetoric Cognition
  1. It's important to acknowledge when you're wrong in a conversation. Saying 'Oh, you're right, my mistake' helps keep discussions respectful.
  2. Admitting mistakes can show others that you're open-minded and capable of real dialogue. It makes the conversation more engaging for everyone involved.
  3. You can still hold your beliefs while recognizing faults in your arguments. This helps you reflect and grow in your understanding over time.

Claude Opus 4.5 Is The Best Model Available

Don't Worry About the Vase • 4166 implied HN points • 01 Dec 25
🕹 Technology Machine Learning Automation Data processing Software Development AI Models
  1. Claude Opus 4.5 is considered the best model available for tasks like coding and collaboration. It's known for being intelligent and user-friendly.
  2. Despite its strengths, Opus 4.5 has some weaknesses, including a relatively high cost and slower performance compared to some cheaper models.
  3. Overall, many users find Opus 4.5 to be a game-changer for coding tasks and appreciate its thoughtful responses and ability to engage in dynamic conversations.

Roblox’s Hindenburg moment

SuperJoost Playlist • 238 implied HN points • 10 Oct 24
💼 Business Regulatory issues Market Trends Tech Companies Investments Finance
  1. A financial report claims Roblox might have been lying about its user numbers, saying they inflate how many people really play the game each day.
  2. The report also points out safety issues for kids, saying Roblox doesn't do enough to protect young users from inappropriate content and predators.
  3. Lastly, there's a concern that Roblox could struggle to grow due to reaching most of its potential markets, which might affect its future profits.

Archival Selves

Breaking Smart • 114 implied HN points • 28 Feb 26
🕹 Technology AI Identity Creativity Personal Data Digital Archives Productivity
  1. Powerful AI tools are letting people rapidly finish long-stalled, legacy projects — paying off “intention debt” and creating a new experience of being unstuck.
  2. As people turn past work into websites, books, and personalized models they are building ‘archival selves’ — curated, partly fixed versions of their past that can be therapeutic or painfully exposing, and that trade off the ability to rewrite history for a clearer orientation.
  3. Once backlogs are cleared many will face blank canvases, and what follows depends on how archives are framed: poorly done archiving will produce bland, mimetic projects, while creative editorial choices can make archives a generative springboard for diverse futures.

Morris Chang and the Origins of TSMC

Construction Physics • 46767 implied HN points • 31 Dec 24
🕹 Technology Semiconductors Innovation Manufacturing Entrepreneurship History
  1. Morris Chang founded TSMC in 1985, turning it into a key player in the semiconductor industry. He saw the need for a company that could manufacture chips for others, which allowed many new companies to emerge.
  2. Chang's journey was not smooth; he faced many challenges and failures before achieving success with TSMC. Much of his early career included tough breaks, but he persevered and created something significant.
  3. TSMC's unique business model changed how semiconductor companies operated by providing manufacturing services without competing directly with clients. This innovation helped TSMC grow quickly and become vital for tech giants like Apple and Intel.

The game theory of cooperation

Optimally Irrational • 72 implied HN points • 09 Mar 26
📖 Philosophy Social Philosophy Political Philosophy Decision Theory Philosophy of science Ethics
  1. When people expect to meet again, conditional strategies like "I’ll cooperate if you do" make cooperation a rational, self-interested choice because future losses deter short-term cheating.
  2. Reputation, indirect reciprocity and partner choice scale cooperation: public records, gossip and the ability to shun defectors let groups enforce cooperative norms even when partners change.
  3. Cooperation has multiple roots — kin selection, reciprocal altruism and cultural evolution — and because many cooperative equilibria are possible, societies pick and stabilize particular norms while moral feelings help people follow and enforce them.

NCR Tower 1632

Computer Ads from the Past • 896 implied HN points • 01 Feb 26
🕹 Technology Microprocessors Computers Hardware Software Operating Systems Networking
  1. The Tower 1632 was a compact, under-desk microcomputer built around the Motorola 68000 that ran an enhanced UNIX, supported up to 16 users, had 256KB–2MB of memory and expandable disk storage up to about 1GB, and was sold to OEMs for roughly $12,000.
  2. NCR shifted its organization to push decision-making down to plant and product managers and act more entrepreneurial, enabling faster development and release of systems like the Tower 1632.
  3. Hardware and software features like Multibus I/O, power-fail memory recovery, IP protection, and multiple communications options looked strong on paper, but users reported unreliable or outdated OS releases, slow or failing disks, weak driver support, and difficult file transfers that limited real-world use.

How Batteries Are Making the Electrical Grid More Reliable

Construction Physics • 18999 implied HN points • 19 Jun 25
🕹 Technology Infrastructure Energy Electronics Sustainability Renewables
  1. Batteries help keep the electrical grid stable by balancing the supply and demand of electricity. They can quickly charge and discharge, making it easier to match electricity use with what power plants produce.
  2. The use of batteries in places like California and Texas has grown a lot, making them a key part of the power grid. They help prevent outages and reduce electricity costs by storing cheap energy for when it's needed later.
  3. Batteries can also improve grid reliability by providing fast response to sudden changes in power demand. This is done using advanced technology that allows them to stabilize electricity flow without relying on traditional power plants.

The Rage of the AI Guy

Freddie deBoer • 14325 implied HN points • 04 Aug 25
🕹 Technology Future Predictions Disruption AI Ethics
  1. There's a lot of hype around AI, but many people are skeptical about its actual impact. People are questioning if AI will truly change our daily lives or if it's just marketing talk.
  2. Many promise that AI will solve big issues and even make us live longer, but these claims often lack evidence. We should be cautious about assuming AI will revolutionize everything.
  3. People are frustrated with their everyday lives and look to AI for hope. However, the reality is that technology can only do so much, and human experiences still matter most.

Waiting Is a Revelation

The Convivial Society • 1890 implied HN points • 01 Jan 26
📖 Philosophy Ethics Time Aesthetics Religion Mind
  1. Waiting isn't just wasted time; it can be a chance to slow down, pay attention, and cultivate patience, love, and insight.
  2. Modern technology and just-in-time economies often collapse the gap between desire and fulfillment, turning time into a commodity and eroding our capacity to wait.
  3. Not all waiting is the same: some waits are unjust impositions, while others are chosen practices of respect and resistance that honor others and protect our freedom to reflect.

The Center for the Alignment of AI Alignment Centers is pivoting to reportless reporting

12challenges • 599 implied HN points • 12 Feb 26
🕹 Technology AI safety Tech Policy Risk Assessment Defense Tech
  1. They found almost nobody reads their long research reports, so they're switching to much shorter, blunt communications instead of full reports.
  2. They plan to hide or destroy sensitive findings rather than publish them. Public messaging will emphasize optimistic, safe-sounding narratives instead of troubling truths.
  3. Publishing safety research can backfire and make things worse, so they're moving toward discrete, non-public actions and private measures instead of public reports.

Life in the Fast Lane With Robinhood Markets

TK News by Matt Taibbi • 2681 implied HN points • 21 Dec 25
💰 Finance Regulation Trading Derivatives Crypto Market structure Risk
  1. Robinhood grew fast by making trading feel like a game that gives quick dopamine hits, which attracts young, aggressive traders. That design encourages frequent, risky trading rather than long-term investing.
  2. The company’s main profit comes from selling customer orders (payment for order flow) to high-frequency market makers and pushing high-margin products like options and zero-day trades. Those products provide big leverage and can wipe out inexperienced traders while generating hefty fees for the platform.
  3. Robinhood is expanding into prediction markets, deeper crypto leverage, and partnerships with market makers to drive more engagement and revenue. That strategy locks users into riskier products and raises the chance many will suffer large losses if markets turn down.

Why I'll be putting out more paid content

Philosophy bear • 50 implied HN points • 15 Mar 26
💼 Business Subscriptions Creator Economy Monetization Audience Growth Publishing Digital Media
  1. I used to keep everything free because charging felt tawdry and I wanted my writing to reach as many people as possible.
  2. I learned Substack's algorithm rewards having paid subscribers, so I'll put some articles behind a paywall to boost visibility even though that means excluding non-paying readers.
  3. If someone is truly broke they can ask and I'll give them a free subscription so they won't be shut out by the paywall.

The Bear Cave #312

The Bear Cave • 466 implied HN points • 08 Feb 26
💰 Finance Market News AI Impact Research Stocks Corporate Governance Activism Regulation
  1. Activist and short-seller reports are increasingly targeting public companies, alleging overstated assets, insider enrichment, sham contracts, and hidden credit or revenue risks.
  2. A notable string of abrupt CFO and CEO departures across big firms points to rising management turnover and potential governance or operational problems.
  3. Markets and investors are increasingly worried about AI disruption hitting data, legal, finance, and outsourcing businesses, triggering stock selloffs and talk of shorting vulnerable incumbents.

Response to Sunstein

David Friedman’s Substack • 269 implied HN points • 28 Feb 26
📖 Philosophy Political Philosophy Political Economy Social Philosophy Ethics Legal Philosophy Epistemology
  1. Government should be modeled as a political market where voters, politicians, and lobbyists act in their own self-interest, so many government failures follow from misaligned incentives rather than benevolent intervention. Deliberative democracy is unrealistic because ordinary citizens often lack incentives to seek truth and get little timely feedback.
  2. Behavioral economics broadens the rationality assumption by adding attention and information-processing costs, which helps explain more real-world behavior but also makes theories more complex and sometimes less predictive. So far it hasn’t clearly improved economic prediction across the board, though it may have promise in areas like macroeconomics.
  3. Redistribution and welfare-state transfers create strong incentives for rent-seeking and can undermine the gains from free trade and open migration, since political transfers replace voluntary exchange as a way to gain. Secure property rights and reliance on voluntary transactions tend to produce healthier incentives for prosperity.

Resilient Cyber Newsletter #15

Resilient Cyber • 119 implied HN points • 24 Sep 24
🕹 Technology Digital Transformation Cloud Computing Software Development AI Security Cybersecurity
  1. Some software vendors are creating security problems by delivering buggy products. Customers should demand better security from their suppliers during purchase.
  2. As companies rush to adopt AI, many are overlooking crucial security measures, which poses a big risk for future incidents.
  3. Supporting open source software maintainers is vital because many of them are unpaid. Companies should invest in the projects they rely on to ensure their continued health and security.

AI #148: Christmas Break

Don't Worry About the Vase • 2553 implied HN points • 25 Dec 25
🕹 Technology Benchmarks Applications Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence AI safety Regulation Hardware
  1. AI capabilities are accelerating fast — models like Claude Opus 4.5 and GPT‑5.2‑Codex are getting much better at long‑horizon, agentic coding and benchmarked tasks.
  2. Policy and public opinion are catching up: states are passing laws like New York’s RAISE Act and voters broadly favor federal AI regulation, even as industry and politics push back.
  3. The social and safety picture is messy — AI is disrupting jobs and media (deepfakes and a lot of low‑quality 'slop'), and aligning and reliably monitoring smarter systems remains hard despite improving interpretability tools.

Strategy in four worlds

Subconscious • 1265 implied HN points • 11 Jan 26
🕹 Technology Forecasting AI Decision Theory Systems theory Complexity Science Risk management
  1. Risk and uncertainty are different: risk is measurable and fits expected-utility tools, while uncertainty involves unknown possible outcomes and needs a different approach. You can categorize environments as clear, complicated, complex, or chaotic based on how cause and effect behave.
  2. Match your tactics to the environment: clear and complicated problems reward forecasting, expert analysis, and optimization, whereas complex systems require robust, antifragile strategies that map feedback loops, and chaotic situations demand fast reflexes and simple orientation to survive.
  3. Scenario planning is the right tool for complexity: it helps identify major drivers, surface feedback loops, and wind‑tunnel strategies across many plausible futures so you can build robustness or intentionally shape outcomes. Because real challenges mix these worlds, skilled strategists combine forecasting, scenarios, and adaptive judgment rather than relying on one model.

Claude Code is the New Excel

Enterprise AI Trends • 506 implied HN points • 13 Feb 26
🕹 Technology Enterprise Software Productivity Tools Automation Developer Tools AI Cloud Infrastructure Machine Learning
  1. Agentic AI platforms like Claude Code are becoming the new baseline tool for knowledge work, replacing Excel quickly and making 'vibe coding' a core productivity skill.
  2. These agents deliver end-to-end outcomes, scale themselves, and self-improve, which will force ecosystems to reorganize and make it much harder for startups to compete unless they have real moats like proprietary data, regulation, or deep domain expertise.
  3. Adoption is already accelerating in places like finance, and people or companies that don’t learn to use agents will be severely outcompeted, driving a K-shaped divide in who benefits from AI.

Movers, Shakers, & Money Makers (10/21)

Human Capitalist • 59 implied HN points • 22 Oct 24
💼 Business Corporate strategy Recruitment Job Changes Leadership Career development
  1. There were ten notable job changes recently, showcasing how companies are promoting and hiring talent in key positions.
  2. Major positions were filled at influential companies like Google, Salesforce, and Pinterest, indicating strong movements in the tech and business sectors.
  3. Staying updated on these job changes can help investors and recruiters spot talent and assess market trends.

Founder Mode👨‍💼, The Extinction of VC💀, How to Build More Pipeline🚀

The VC Corner • 259 implied HN points • 15 Sep 24
💼 Business Venture Capital Startups Funding Sales Growth
  1. The current landscape for venture capital is changing, and there are risks that could impact its future. It's important for founders to understand these shifts.
  2. Founders can take control of their growth strategies by focusing on building a solid sales pipeline. This can help them succeed even in uncertain times.
  3. Adapting to new growth approaches is necessary for SaaS businesses. Finding fresh methods can lead to sustained success and relevance.

Uber’s Big Data Revolution: From MySQL to Hadoop and Beyond

VuTrinh. • 279 implied HN points • 14 Sep 24
🕹 Technology Cloud Computing Big Data Data Engineering Data Analytics Data Management
  1. Uber evolved from simple data management with MySQL to a more complex system using Hadoop to handle huge amounts of data efficiently.
  2. They faced challenges with data reliability and latency, which slowed down their ability to make quick decisions.
  3. Uber introduced a system called Hudi that allowed for faster updates and better data management, helping them keep their data fresh and accurate.

How to feel bad and be wrong

Experimental History • 40381 implied HN points • 21 Jan 25
📖 Philosophy Mental models Self-reflection Human behavior Decision-making Cognitive Biases
  1. Our brains often take shortcuts when facing tough questions, making it easier to answer simple ones instead. This can lead us to overlook important issues in our lives.
  2. Many people measure their worth and productivity based on how hard they feel they are working, instead of setting clear goals. This can cause unnecessary stress and feelings of inadequacy.
  3. When assessing things like the state of the economy or the quality of a school, we tend to rely on popular opinion rather than personal experience. This leads to judgments that may not reflect reality.

Are AI Coding Assistants Really Saving Developers Time? Study Suggests These Tools Don’t Increase Coding Speed.

Shenisha’s Substack • 19 implied HN points • 04 Oct 24
🕹 Technology Coding Practices AI Tools Software Development Productivity Metrics Quality Assurance
  1. AI coding tools, like GitHub Copilot, may actually slow down developers by increasing the number of bugs in their code. This raises questions about whether these tools truly help improve code quality.
  2. While some surveys show that many developers use AI tools and feel productive, a study found that these tools didn't significantly improve coding speed or help reduce burnout among developers.
  3. The rise of AI tools may require developers to spend more time reviewing the code these tools produce, which can cancel out any time they might save overall.

How We Got the Lithium-Ion Battery

Construction Physics • 49690 implied HN points • 29 Nov 24
🕹 Technology Research & Development Battery technology Energy Storage Electronics
  1. The lithium-ion battery is key to many modern technologies like smartphones and electric vehicles. Its high energy density and rechargeable nature make it very useful.
  2. The battery's development took many years and involved multiple researchers from around the world. Many discoveries were made by chance, not through a clear, straight path.
  3. Advancements have made lithium-ion batteries much cheaper and more efficient over time. Innovations in materials and manufacturing have helped lower costs and boost production.

The Sphere's $4B Business, explained

SatPost by Trung Phan • 143 implied HN points • 06 Mar 26
💼 Business Licensing Live Events Media Rights Monetization Capital Markets Hospitality
  1. The Sphere is a one-of-a-kind engineering and audio-visual marvel — a colossal LED exosphere and an enormous internal wraparound screen with thousands of speakers create an immersive, cinema-meets-concert experience.
  2. Its business relies on owning and repeatedly monetizing content: high-margin bespoke films and residencies, huge F&B and merchandise markups, and exterior ad/sponsorship revenue have driven rapid ticket sales and a soaring market cap.
  3. The concept can scale through licensing mini-Spheres and exporting IP, but it’s capital intensive and tied to Las Vegas tourism and changing audience habits, so long-term success depends on keeping the venue full year-round and landing must-see content.

Chronological Displacement Syndrome

Anima Mundi • 721 implied HN points • 01 Feb 26
📖 Philosophy Social Philosophy Metaphysics Phenomenology Existentialism Identity Time Technology
  1. Many people now feel "chronological displacement": a persistent sense of not belonging to the present, an inability to imagine a stable future, and exhaustion from constant adaptation.
  2. This feeling comes from rapid technological change combined with the weakening of anchors like religion, tradition, and stable place that used to give lives continuity across generations.
  3. The response must be collective, not just personal: acknowledge the structural problem, reconsider the pace and incentives of change, and build new practices, communities, and identities that make living in permanent flux more bearable.

Gemini 3 Pro Is a Vast Intelligence With No Spine

Don't Worry About the Vase • 4211 implied HN points • 24 Nov 25
🕹 Technology Software Development AI Models Data Analysis User Experience Machine Learning
  1. Gemini 3 Pro is really smart and performs well in many tasks, especially when you want accurate answers. It's great for creative writing and technical tasks.
  2. However, it often makes up answers instead of admitting it doesn't know something. This can lead to confusion and mistakes.
  3. While it's fast and efficient in many respects, it sometimes lacks depth and may over-simplify complex problems, making its outputs less trustworthy.

cats with stats: safety in the east

bad cattitude • 207 implied HN points • 21 Feb 26
🌐 International Statistics Immigration Crime Demographics Europe
  1. Warsaw and Poland look meaningfully safer than comparable Western European cities and countries, with a custom crime composite ranking Warsaw well below Paris, London, and several other capitals.
  2. A city’s overall immigrant share correlates with higher crime on the composite index, and that relationship is statistically significant, though Zurich is a notable outlier with high immigration but low crime.
  3. The percentage of immigrants from non‑European origins explains much more of the variation — the regression against non‑European immigrant share gives a very high R² (~0.87) and a very low p‑value (~0.0003) — but the result comes with methodological caveats and some imputed values.

The AI Tremors Are Real

Nonzero Newsletter • 801 implied HN points • 07 Feb 26
🕹 Technology Automation News & Media Labor markets Financial Markets Advertising AI Social media
  1. Agentic AI is here: combining large language models with coding agents lets bots carry out multi-step online tasks and form networks that can act, build, and coordinate in ways we didn’t see before.
  2. Big economic and labor disruption is already happening: advanced agent tools can threaten entire companies and markets, and contributed to tech selloffs and newsroom layoffs as AI changes how people find and consume information.
  3. New social risks are emerging: these agents can act for users and be highly persuasive, creating dangers from manipulation, ad-driven incentives, and unpredictable collective behaviors that society needs to address fast.